6. Laser Diode Devices of the Crystal 2000 Family
Laser diode devices of the Crystal 2000 family with a standard optical connector of the SMA-905 type are unique instruments. They can induce laser radiation at different wavelengths and output powers at the end of the lightguide. The Crystal 2000 devices reveal a high reliability because the USA-made laser diodes as hardware components are used in their construction.
To realize different operation modes of photodynamic therapy, it is necessary to use Crystal 2000 devices operating at wavelengths of 635, 662, and 675 nm and having maximum output powers of 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, and 4 W at the end of the lightguide. A complete set of each such device contains three standard lightguides and two goggles.
Specifications
Radiation mode
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Continuous-wave
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Radiation power adjustment
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From 0 to a maximum at an increment of 100 mW
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Exposure time adjustment
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From 1 sec to 60 min at an increment of 1 sec
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Power supply
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220 V, 50 Hz
110 V, 60 Hz
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Maximum power consumption, VA, no more than
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150
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Dimensions, mm
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400 x 300 x 260
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Weight, kg
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4
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Model Range
Data in brackets show a radiation wavelength (nm) and a maximum continuous-wave radiation power (W)
Model
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Model
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Crystal [(635; 0.02) + (532; 0.01)]
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Crystal (810; 3)
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Crystal (635; 0.02)
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Crystal (810; 5)
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Crystal (635; 0.5)
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Crystal (810; 7)
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Crystal (635; 1)
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Crystal (810; 9)
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Crystal (635; 1.5)
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Crystal (810; 10)
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Crystal (635; 2)
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Crystal (810; 15)
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Crystal (635; 2.5)
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Crystal (810; 20)
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Crystal (635; 3)
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Crystal (810; 25)
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Crystal (635; 4)
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Crystal (810; 30)
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Crystal (635; 5)
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Crystal (980; 3)
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Crystal (635; 6)
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Crystal (980; 5)
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Crystal (635; 7)
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Crystal (980; 7)
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Crystal (635; 8)
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Crystal (980; 9)
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Crystal (662; 0.5)
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Crystal (980; 10)
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Crystal (662; 1)
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Crystal (980; 15)
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Crystal (662; 2)
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Crystal (980; 20)
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Crystal (662; 2.5)
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Crystal (980; 25)
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Crystal (662; 3)
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Crystal (980; 30)
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Crystal (662; 4)
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Crystal (1060; 3)
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Crystal (675; 1)
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Crystal (1060; 5)
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Crystal (675; 2)
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Crystal (1060; 7)
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Crystal (675; 2.5)
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Crystal (1060; 9)
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Crystal (675; 3)
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Crystal (1060; 10)
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Crystal (675; 4)
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Crystal (1060; 15)
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Crystal (780; 1)
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Crystal (1060; 20)
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Crystal (780; 1.5)
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Crystal (1060; 25)
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Crystal (780; 2)
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Crystal (1060; 30)
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Fiber-Optics Tools
Several lightguide tools allow delivering a laser radiation towards an operation site:
1. Diffusion-Type Lightguides with cylinder-shaped diffusers 5 mm, 10 mm, and 20 mm long. They allow performing interstitial and endoscopic operations.
2. Microlens-Incorporating Lightguides for laser radiation defocusing.
Lightguides can be used to perform endoscopic or abdominal operations together with a balloon catheter. The terminal part of the balloon catheter is filled with pressurized liquid. The latter makes it possible to extend the exposure area and to provide a more uniform scattering. The exposure area extension is necessary for irradiating the esophagus (1), bladder (2), uterine cavity (3), and some other caval organs.
(1)
(2)
(3)
A complete set of fiber-optics tools intended for intracavitary operations includes a connecting cable. This cable can be connected to replaceable optical attachments having different indicatrixes of diffusion. The attachments may include sterile disposable diffusers in individual packages. The diffusing part of such attachments may be 40 mm and 90 mm in length.
Photosensitizers
As required, Russian-made photosensitizers can be supplied. They have absorption peaks at wavelengths of 635 nm, 662 nm, and 675 nm.
1. Photohem is analog of the American photosensitizer named Photofrin II (λ = 635 nm), which is the most widespread photosensitizer all over the world.
2. Photoditazine, Photoditazine-gel, Radachlorin, Radagel are the modern chlorin e6 photosensitizers of the second generation (λ = 662 nm). They exhibit a high degree of accumulation selectivity in tumors, rapid tumor absorption, and rapid elimination rate from an organism. These features enhance antineoplastic effect of the photosensitizers and shorten the corresponding treatment term to 2 – 3 hours.
3. Photosense is the second-generation photosensitizer (λ = 675 nm) with a longer absorption wavelength. This provides a greater radiation penetration into biological tissues that allows one to destroy large and deeply located tumors.
Training
Special training courses on photodynamic therapy of cancer, persistent wounds, and trophic ulcers are being conducted for physicians.
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